• In order for blockchains to communicate with one another, we need intermediaries. These intermediaries have frequently been the number targets of blockchain hacks. There are projects trying to minimize the trust in these intermediaries.
  • Fraud proof is the proof system that proves fraud or misconduct in a system. As long as any proof isn’t generated, the system proceeds honestly. That’s the reason why the systems utilizing fraud proofs are called optimistic. Fraud proof based bridges are based on the assumption of 1/N honesty. This article will be detailing Nomad and Rainbow bridges, which adopt the optimistic approach.
  • Due to a vulnerability on Nomad bridge smart contract, approximately $190 millions of assets were stolen. We will be elaborating the details of this hack in this article.
  • While Nomad bridge can easily be utilized between many different EVM chains, Rainbow bridge was only operational between Ethereum and Near.